Ticknor, George, 1791-1871, academician, Hispanist
Toynbee, Arnold, 1852-1883, social philosopher, economist
Tranströmer, Tomas Gösta, 1931-2015, poet, psychologist and translator
Tomas Tranströmer was born in 1931 in Stockholm, where he grew up, but spent many long summers on the island of Runmarö in the nearby archipelago, evoking that landscape in his early work, which draws on the aesthetic tradition of Swedish nature poetry. His later poetry is more personal, open and relaxed, often reflecting his broad interests: travel, music, painting, archaeology and natural sciences. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2011.
Trevelyan, George Macaulay, 1876-1962, historian
Trevelyan, Sir Charles Edward, 1807-1886, 1st Baronet
Sir Charles Edward Trevelyan was born in Nettlecombe, Dorset, to George Trevelyan, Archdeacon of Taunton and Harriet Trevelyan nee Neave. He was educated at Charterhouse Grammar School and Haileybury College. He then studied languages at Fort William College in Calcutta, and was assigned as assistant to Sir Charles Metcalfe, resident of Delhi, in January 1827.
Metcalfe was soon replaced by Sir Edward Colebrooke. In June 1829 Trevelyan wrote to the Government of Bengal accusing Colebrooke of corruption and accepting bribes. Following a government investigation, Colebrooke was dismissed from service.
Trevelyan later became guardian to the Raja of Bharatpur, before leaving Delhi for Calcutta in 1831 to become under secretary to the foreign department of the Government of India. In this role he wrote reports on topics including transit duties and education. In 1836 he became secretary to the Sudder board of revenue.
In 1834 Trevelyan married Hannah More (1807-1873), sister of historian and politician Thomas Babington Macaulay. The pair would have three children; Margaret Jean Trevelyan (1835-1906), George Otto Trevelyan (1838-1928) and Alice Frances Trevelyan (1843-1902).
In 1838 Trevelyan returned to England, and became assistant secretary to the treasury. A position he held for 19 years. While in this position he oversaw provision of relief for Ireland during the Great Famine in Ireland and worked towards revision of military expenditure and reorganization of the civil service.
Trevelyan was offered governorship of Madras in 1858, taking up the position in spring 1859. In this role he worked towards establishing a municipal corporation, improving water and sanitary conditions, introducing a new police force and establishing land ownership rights.
Trevelyan was opposed to the government's proposed tax increases, intended to recover expenses resulting from the Indian Rebellion of 1857. His public objections to the legislation being passed was met with disapproval, and he was notified of his removal from office in May 1860.
Two years later he returned to India as financial member of the Indian Council at Calcutta, where he served until 1865.
In 1874 he was created a Baronet, and the following year he married Eleanor Anne Campbell (d.1919). In 1879 Trevelyan inherited the Wallington estate in Northumberland, following the death of his cousin Walter Calverley Trevelyan, without issue.
He died in London in 1886.
Trevelyan, Sir Charles Philips, 1870-1958, 3rd Baronet, politician
Charles Philips Trevelyan (1870-1958) was the first son of George Otto Trevelyan and Caroline Lady Trevelyan of Wallington Hall, Northumberland. Educated at Harrow and Trinity College Cambridge, Charles' political career began with a role as Private Secretary to Lord Houghton at Dublin Castle. However he did not enjoy the work and returned to England in 1893. After his return to England, he ran an unsuccessful campaign as Liberal candidate for North Lambeth. While standing as Liberal candidate for Elland in North Yorkshire, Charles travelled through North America, the Pacific Islands, Australia and New Zealand with Beatrice and Sidney Webb. On his return to England in 1899 he won a by-election, becoming the representative of Elland. In 1908 he was also made Parliamentary Secretary to the Board of Education.
In 1904 Charles married Mary Katharine Trevelyan nee Bell (1881-1966) [Molly], daughter of Hugh and Florence Bell, and half-sister of the archaeologist and explorer Gertrude Bell. The pair had seven children together, six of whom survived to adulthood. The early years of their marriage were split between Cambo House on the Wallington Estate in Northumberland, and 14 Great College Street in Westminster.
When Britain declared war with Germany in 1914, Charles resigned his position in the government in protest – a move which attracted much criticism from his peers, the press and the public. Alongside others who disagreed with the conflict, Charles helped to establish the Union of Democratic Control (UDC) – a political group who publicly criticized the activities of the British government during World War I and advocated a peaceful resolution. As an active member, Charles promoted the UDC and its activities extensively, publishing articles and pamphlets, and giving talks around the country.
During his involvement with the UDC, Charles came into contact with many figures of the growing Labour Party. In 1918 Charles announced that his political sympathies were more aligned with Labour than the Liberals. Following Armistice with Germany that same year, Charles ran as a member of the Independent Labour Party for Elland. He lost his constituency of 18 years to a Conservative candidate, as part of the landslide Conservative coalition victory.
In 1921 Charles articulated his transition between parties in a short publication entitled From Liberalism to Labour. The following year he stood as Labour candidate for Newcastle Central and won. In the first Labour government of 1924, Charles was made President of the Board of Education, however his impact was limited by the short duration the government served. When Labour were re-elected to government in 1929, Charles was given the same role. However, he resigned after becoming frustrated with the government's reluctance to pass radical policy, in particular his bill to raise the school leaving age. Later that year Charles lost his seat at Newcastle to a Conservative candidate.
Following these disappointments Charles announced his retirement from politics. His parents' recent deaths had resulted in the family moving into Wallington Hall and taking on the management of the large estate. This gave Charles the opportunity to put into practice some of his socialist ideals, including the introduction of child benefit payments to tenant families and the establishment of pensions. In 1936 Charles announced he would bequeath the Wallington Estate to the National Trust. This became reality on his death in 1958.
Charles' wife Mary supported Charles' political career throughout her life, assisting with campaigning, hosting parties for political figures and in later years contributing to the running of the Wallington Estate. Early in their marriage she served as Chairman of the Northumberland Women's Liberal Foundation and she later became a Justice of the Peace. She also served on committees for the Campaign for the Protection of Rural England, the National Trust, the National Federation of Women's Institute and the Association of Country Women of the World. She was awarded the OBE in 1963.
Trevelyan, Sir Geoffrey Washington, 1920-2011, engineer, 5th Baronet
Geoffrey Trevelyan was educated at Oldfield School and Trinity College Cambridge, reading engineering. In 1941 he began working at De Havilland aircraft. In 1947 he married Gillian Isabel Wood. The pair had two children. Geoffrey lived at St Albans until his death, and established the St Albans Civic Society.
Trevelyan, Sir George Lowthian, 1906-1996, educator and spiritualist, 4th Baronet
George Lowthian Trevelyan was educated at Sidcot School and Trinity College Cambridge, reading history. He worked as an estate manager and wood craftsman but the majority of his life was spent working in education. He was involved with alternative teaching methods, including the Alexander Technique and Steiner education, and was instrumental in the development of Attingham Park adult education college. In 1940 he married Editha Helen Smith [Helen], and the pair had one adopted daughter. During World War II, George undertook military service on the home front. In later life he became increasingly involved with the Spiritualist movement, and published a number of books.
Trevelyan, Sir Walter Calverley, 1797-1879, 6th Baronet
Sir Walter Calverley Trevelyan was born in Newcastle upon Tyne to Sir John Trevelyan 5th Baronet and Maria Trevelyan nee Spencer Wilson. He was educated at Harrow and University College Oxford. After University Trevelyan pursued interests in geology and natural history, and became a supporter of phrenology and temperance.
In 1833 he married Pauline Jermyn, daughter of the Reverend Doctor George Bitton Jermyn, Vicar of Swaffham Priory, and Catherine Rowland. Pauline shared Trevelyan's interests in natural history, particularly botany, and the pair traveled extensively throughout Europe.
In 1846 Trevelyan succeeded to his title and the family estates of Nettlecombe and Wallington. He continued to pursue diverse interests, co-editing a volume on the Trevelyan Papers, becoming president of numerous societies including the Phonetic Society, the United Kingdom Alliance for the Suppression of the Liquor Traffic, and of the National Temperance Society. He frequently donated specimens and money to museums, libraries and learned societies.
Pauline became an important patron of the arts, maintaining a close friendship with John Ruskin until her death. Her fondness for the Pre-Raphaelite movement is reflected in refurbishments made at Wallington Hall, in particular the Great Hall. She died in 1866 during a visit to Switzerland, accompanied by Trevelyan and Ruskin.
In 1867 Trevelyan married Laura Capel, daughter of Capel Lofft, lawyer of Troston Hall.
Trevelyan died at Wallington in 1879.